壬基酚对斑马鱼精巢组织及性激素合成酶基因表达的影响

壬基酚（NP）是广泛存在于水体中的环境内分泌干扰物,会影响鱼类的生殖和发育.为了解NP影响鱼类精巢发育的分子机制,将成年雄性斑马鱼（Danio rerio）暴露于不同浓度（0、125、250、500μg·L-1）NP下21d,用常规组织学方法研究试验鱼精巢组织结构的变化,并用荧光定量PCR（QRT-PCR）方法检测试验...     

海上石油生产水的水生生态毒性

采用水生生态毒理学常用的大型蚤(Daphnia magma)和斑马鱼(Brachydaniorerio)以及毒性单位(Tua)法对渤海海上油田的石油生产水进行生态毒性评价和分级.结果表明,这些石油生产水对大型蚤和斑马鱼均表现出一定的毒性效应.其中,水样1和水样3的毒性较大,对大型蚤的Tua分别为151.52和70.96.而对斑马鱼的Tua分别为2.41和2.12.水样3虽经处理,但其生态毒性并未得到明显的改善.水样2对大型蚤和斑马鱼都属于低毒等级,其Tua依次分别为4.39和1.97.可见,大型蚤和斑马鱼可以作为海上石油生产永生态毒性的监测指标,但在生态风险评价中大型蚤比斑马鱼更为灵敏.     

Ca2+与Pb2+相互作用对斑马鱼胚胎毒性效应的影响

为探明Ca²⁺浓度增加是否会使鱼类早期发育阶段对铅毒性的敏感性升高,以及Ca²⁺单独减弱铅毒性的浓度范围,选用斑马鱼胚胎作为实验材料,记录在不同的水化学参数条件下,胚胎发育过程中一些具有代表性的毒理学终点,采用相对易于观察且敏感的指标——72 h孵化率进行分析.用Visual MINTEQ2.5.2软件进行溶液中离子的化学形态分析.结果表明,当Ca²⁺浓度从0.25 mmol/Ｌ增加到2.00 mmol/Ｌ时,导致了以自由铅离子活度（{Pb²⁺}）和溶解态铅总浓度（［Pb］_T）表示的72　h EC₅₀的增加（表现为发育延迟）,两者之间存在良好的线性关系.通过这一线性关系,可以对Ca²⁺浓度对铅毒性的影响进行预测.这一结果支持了生物配体模型（BLM）概念的假设,说明在胚胎的表面,铅离子与钙离子可能在传输和毒性作用位点上存在竞争作用.而当Ca²⁺浓度从2.00 mmol/Ｌ增加到4.00 mmol/Ｌ时,72 h EC₅₀ {Pb²⁺}和72 h EC₅₀ ［Pb］_T并没有显著的增加.     

典型城市黑臭河道水体生物毒性研究

以黑臭为特征的城市内河污染近来受到关注,检测和分析污染河流水质的生物毒性对水质标识和生态评价十分必要。本研究逐月检测了温州市九山外河(JS River)和山下河(SX River)两条典型黑臭河道水样对斑马鱼、发光细菌和热带爪蟾胚胎的毒性效应。结果显示,黑臭河道水体对斑马鱼、发光细菌(青海弧菌Vibrio Qinghaiensis Q67)和爪蟾胚胎均具有毒性效应。以斑马鱼死亡率和发光细菌相对抑光率表征的水质综合毒性较一致,且以发光细菌更为敏感。爪蟾胚胎致畸实验主要通过存活率和畸形率来表征水体的毒性。3类生物监测均显示SX水体毒性明显高于JS整体毒性,这与两条河黑臭程度相一致。通过发光细菌检测水体综合毒性的分析,显示SX和JS水体毒性在5月-8月的夏季较高,冬春季节较低,表明黑臭河道水质毒性季节性变化与水体温度(T)和溶解氧(DO)值关系密切。本研究结果可为污染水体生物毒性检测和黑臭水体综合评价及后续治理提供依据。     

Acute toxicity of sugarcane vinasse to aquatic organisms before and after pH adjustment

The purpose of this study was to investigate the toxicity of vinasse to cladocerans and fish before and after pH adjustment using an acute toxicity test. Linear and quadratic regression models were adjusted to demonstrate the concentration–response relationship between vinasse and the endpoints evaluated. The median lethal concentrations (LC_50–48h) of vinasse before pH adjustment for Ceriodaphnia dubia and Daphnia magna were 0.67% and 0.80% respectively, and the median lethal concentrations (LC_50–96h) for Danio rerio was 2.62%. After pH adjustment, the values increased for all organisms, demonstrating a decrease in toxicity. This study reported marked toxicity for vinasse to aquatic organisms with toxicity reduction after pH adjustment.     

Metabolic responses in zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to zinc and cadmium by nuclear magnetic resonance -based metabolomics

Heavy metals are common marine and soil pollutants that are mainly the result of industrial activity, and are a threat to the environment and human health. In this study, ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics was applied to adult Danio rerio to monitor the metabolic change as a response to ZnCl₂ and CdCl₂ exposure at different concentrations for 72?h. NMR spectroscopy was used to identify and quantify the metabolites extracted from D. rerio. The metabolite profiles of the control and heavy metal exposed group were classified by partial least squares – discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) analysis, and potential contaminant-specific biomarkers were suggested. For the ZnCl₂-exposed zebrafish, the levels of ATP, aspartate and NAD⁺ were increased, whereas the levels of formate, inosine, hypoxanthine and succinate decreased. In addition, the CdCl₂-exposed zebrafish showed an increase in the levels of ATP and formate and a decrease in the levels of glutamate, inosine and glutathione. Overall, Zn and Cd may lead to neurotoxicity, disturbances in the energy metabolism and oxidative stress. Our finding demonstrated that the application of NMR-based metabolomics might be useful for detecting the toxicity caused by sub-lethal concentrations of heavy metal contaminants in the environment.     

水体甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯对斑马鱼的毒性效应

以斑马鱼(Brachydanio rerio)为实验生物,采用半静态实验方法,研究了甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯的水生生态毒性效应.研究表明,水体中甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯对斑马鱼96h半致死浓度LC50分别为77.5、31.0和34.8mg·L-1,根据化学物质对鱼类毒性分级标准,3种物质均属中等毒性,其毒性大小顺序为:乙苯>二甲苯>甲苯.在最高暴露浓度下,斑马鱼均出现了剧烈、无序游动,并伴有抽搐等现象,其中暴露在甲苯中的斑马鱼行为改变更为严重.分析认为,3种物质对斑马鱼毒性大小与疏/亲水性有关,疏水性越强,对水生生物的毒性作用越大.     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）对斑马鱼（Brachydanio rerio）生理生化特性的影响

为了研究邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)对水生生物的毒性效应,将斑马鱼(Brachydanio rerio)暴露于DBP5个浓度组中96h急性染毒,测得其半致死浓度(96h-LC50)为8.51mg·L-1,从而得出其安全浓度为0.85mg·L-1.在此基础上,等对数浓度差设置4个质量浓度0.38、0.85、1.90、4.25mg·L-1进行20d慢性染毒,期间每5d测定斑马鱼的体重、肝重和鳃重,同时测定斑马鱼肝脏、鳃中SOD酶和ATPase活性.结果表明,斑马鱼比肝重总体随DBP浓度的增加和暴露时间的延长而升高(p<0.01),而比鳃重总体变化不大.随DBP浓度增大和暴露时间延长,斑马鱼肝脏、鳃中SOD酶和ATPase活性均显著受到抑制(p<0.01).     

三甲基氯化锡对斑马鱼(Danio rerio)生理生化特性的影响

为初步探讨三甲基氯化锡(trimethyltin chloride,TMT)对鱼类的毒性效应以及评价环境中TMT的安全性,采用静态鱼类急性毒性试验法测定了TMT对斑马鱼(Danio rerio)生理生化指标的影响;参考TMT的96 h-LC50值,设定3个浓度(0.39、0.78和1.17 mg·L-1)处理斑马鱼,测...